STAINLESS STEEL PIPES 304L 316L materail

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Comparison of standardized steels

EN-standard Steel no. k.h.s DIN	EN-standard Steel name	SAE grade	UNS
1.4109	X65CrMo14	440A	S44002
1.4112	X90CrMoV18	440B	S44003
1.4125	X105CrMo17	440C	S44004
		440F	S44020
1.4016	X6Cr17	430	S43000
1.4408	G-X 6 CrNiMo 18-10	316
1.4512	X6CrTi12	409	S40900
		410	S41000
1.4310	X10CrNi18-8	301	S30100
1.4318	X2CrNiN18-7	301LN
1.4307	X2CrNi18-9	304L	S30403
1.4306	X2CrNi19-11	304L	S30403
1.4311	X2CrNiN18-10	304LN	S30453
1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	304	S30400
1.4948	X6CrNi18-11	304H	S30409
1.4303	X5CrNi18-12	305	S30500
	X5CrNi30-9	312
1.4541	X6CrNiTi18-10	321	S32100
1.4878	X12CrNiTi18-9	321H	S32109
1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	316L	S31603
1.4401	X5CrNiMo17-12-2	316	S31600
1.4406	X2CrNiMoN17-12-2	316LN	S31653
1.4432	X2CrNiMo17-12-3	316L	S31603
1.4435	X2CrNiMo18-14-3	316L	S31603
1.4436	X3CrNiMo17-13-3	316	S31600
1.4571	X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2	316Ti	S31635
1.4429	X2CrNiMoN17-13-3	316LN	S31653
1.4438	X2CrNiMo18-15-4	317L	S31703
1.4362	X2CrNi23-4	2304	S32304
1.4462	X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	2205	S31803/S32205
1.4539	X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5	904L	N08904
1.4529	X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7		N08926
1.4547	X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7	254SMO	S31254

Stainless steel’s resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance and familiar lustre make it an ideal material for many applications. There are over 150 grades of stainless steel, of which fifteen are most commonly used. The alloy is milled into coils, sheets, plates, bars, wire, and tubing to be used in cookware, cutlery, household hardware, surgical instruments, major appliances, industrial equipment (for example, in sugar refineries) and as an automotive and aerospace structural alloy and construction material in large buildings. Storage tanks and tankers used to transport orange juice and other food are often made of stainless steel, because of its corrosion resistance. This also influences its use in commercial kitchens and food processing plants, as it can be steam-cleaned and sterilized and does not need paint or other surface finishes.

Stainless steel is used for jewelry and watches with 316L being the type commonly used for such applications. It can be re-finished by any jeweler and will not oxidize or turn black.

Some firearms incorporate stainless steel components as an alternative to blued or parkerized steel. Some handgun models, such as the Smith & Wesson Model 60 and the Colt M1911 pistol, can be made entirely from stainless steel. This gives a high-luster finish similar in appearance to nickel plating. Unlike plating, the finish is not subject to flaking, peeling, wear-off from rubbing (as when repeatedly removed from a holster), or rust when scratched.

Architecture[edit]

Main article: Architectural steel

Stainless steel is used for buildings for both practical and aesthetic reasons. Stainless steel was in vogue during the art deco period. The most famous example of this is the upper portion of the Chrysler Building (pictured). Some diners and fast-food restaurants use large ornamental panels and stainless fixtures and furniture. Because of the durability of the material, many of these buildings retain their original appearance.

Type 316 stainless is used on the exterior of both the Petronas Twin Towers and the Jin Mao Building, two of the world's tallest skyscrapers.^[17]

The Parliament House of Australia in Canberra has a stainless steel flagpole weighing over 220 tonnes (240 short tons).

The aeration building in the Edmonton Composting Facility, the size of 14 hockey rinks, is the largest stainless steel building in North America.

Bridges[edit]

Cala Galdana Bridge in Minorca (Spain) was the first stainless steel road bridge.
Sant Fruitos Pedestrian Bridge (Catalonia, Spain), arch pedestrian bridge.
Padre Arrupe Bridge (Bilbao, Spain) links the Guggenheim museum to the University of Deusto.^[18]

Monuments and sculptures[edit]

The Unisphere, constructed as the theme symbol of the 1964-5 World's Fair in New York City, is constructed of Type 304L stainless steel as a sphere with a diameter of 120 feet, or 36.57 meters.
The Gateway Arch (pictured) is clad entirely in stainless steel: 886 tons (804 metric tonnes) of 0.25 in (6.4 mm) plate, #3 finish, type 304 stainless steel.^[19]
The United States Air Force Memorial has an austenitic stainless steel structural skin.
The Atomium in Brussels, Belgium was renovated with stainless-steel cladding in a renovation completed in 2006; previously the spheres and tubes of the structure were clad in aluminium.
The Cloud Gate sculpture by Anish Kapoor, in Chicago US.
The Sibelius monument in Helsinki, Finland, is made entirely of stainless steel tubes.
The Man of Steel (sculpture) under construction in Rotherham, England.

Other[edit]

Automotive bodies

The Allegheny Ludlum Corporation worked with Ford on various concept cars with stainless steel bodies from the 1930s through the 1970s, as demonstrations of the material's potential. The 1957 and 1958 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham had a stainless steel roof. In 1981 and 1982, the DeLorean DMC-12 production automobile used stainless steel body panels over a glass-reinforced plastic monocoque. Intercity buses made by Motor Coach Industries are partially made of stainless steel. The aft body panel of the Porsche Cayman model (2-door coupe hatchback) is made of stainless steel. It was discovered during early body prototyping that conventional steel could not be formed without cracking (due to the many curves and angles in that automobile). Thus, Porsche was forced to use stainless steel on the Cayman.

Passenger rail cars

Rail cars have commonly been manufactured using corrugated stainless steel panels (for additional structural strength). This was particularly popular during the 1960s and 1970s, but has since declined. One notable example was the early Pioneer Zephyr. Notable former manufacturers of stainless steel rolling stock included the Budd Company (USA), which has been licensed to Japan's Tokyu Car Corporation, and the Portuguese company Sorefame. Many railcars in the United States are still manufactured with stainless steel, unlike other countries who have shifted away.

Aircraft

Budd also built an airplane, the Budd BB-1 Pioneer, of stainless steel tube and sheet, which is on display at the Franklin Institute.

The American Fleetwings Sea Bird amphibious aircraft of 1936 was also built using a spot-welded stainless steel hull.

The Bristol Aeroplane Company built the all-stainless steel Bristol 188 high-speed research aircraft, which first flew in 1963.

The use of stainless steel in mainstream aircraft is hindered by its excessive weight compared to other materials, such as aluminum.

Jewelry

Valadium, a stainless steel and 12% nickel alloy is used to make class and military rings. Valadium is usually silver-toned, but can be electro-charged to give it a gold tone. The gold tone variety is known as Sun-lite Valadium

Q: What is the difference between seamless and LSAW stainless steel pipes?: Different industries commonly use seamless and LSAW stainless steel pipes. The manufacturing process and resulting structural characteristics distinguish these two types of pipes. Seamless stainless steel pipes are produced without any seams or welds. Manufacturers achieve this by piercing a solid cylindrical billet and extruding it to create a hollow tube. This technique ensures a uniform cross-section, resulting in a smooth and consistent inner and outer surface. The absence of welds eliminates potential weak points, enhancing the overall strength and integrity of the pipe. Seamless pipes are known for their superior corrosion resistance and are often preferred in critical applications where leakage must be avoided. In contrast, LSAW stainless steel pipes are formed by bending and welding a steel plate or coil into a cylindrical shape. The welding process involves passing an electric arc through the steel plate and the welding filler material, creating a visible seam on the pipe's exterior. LSAW pipes are commonly used in applications requiring large diameters and thick walls, such as oil and gas transportation. They can be produced in longer lengths and with larger diameters compared to seamless pipes. Seamless stainless steel pipes are generally more expensive to manufacture than LSAW pipes due to their complex production process. However, their seamless construction offers superior performance and reliability, making them the preferred choice for critical applications. On the other hand, LSAW pipes provide a cost-effective solution for large-scale projects where the visible seam is not a concern. To summarize, the main differences between seamless and LSAW stainless steel pipes lie in their manufacturing process, structural characteristics, and cost. Seamless pipes are made without seams or welds, providing excellent corrosion resistance and strength. LSAW pipes, on the other hand, are created by bending and welding a steel plate, offering a cost-effective solution for large-scale projects. The choice between these two types of pipes depends on the specific requirements of the application and the desired balance between cost and performance.

Q: How do you calculate the expansion and contraction of stainless steel pipes?: To calculate the expansion and contraction of stainless steel pipes, you need to consider the coefficient of thermal expansion for the specific grade of stainless steel being used. The coefficient of thermal expansion is a measure of how much a material expands or contracts in response to changes in temperature. First, determine the initial length of the stainless steel pipe, which is usually measured at room temperature. Then, determine the change in temperature that the pipe will be exposed to. The change in temperature is the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures the pipe will experience. Next, multiply the initial length of the pipe by the coefficient of thermal expansion for the specific grade of stainless steel being used. The coefficient of thermal expansion for stainless steel can vary depending on the alloy and its composition, so it is important to consult the manufacturer's specifications or engineering references for the specific grade being used. Finally, multiply the result by the change in temperature to calculate the expansion or contraction of the stainless steel pipe. A positive value indicates expansion, while a negative value indicates contraction. It is important to note that the calculated expansion or contraction of the stainless steel pipe is an approximate value and can vary depending on various factors such as the specific alloy composition, manufacturing processes, and installation conditions. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a qualified engineer or refer to industry standards for more accurate calculations in specific applications.

Q: What color is stainless steel? What color is stainless steel pipe culture?: You want to draw the stainless steel, or to mirror the drawing, usually gray, mirror is generally bright silver, of course, the color is also there, ah, you need it

Q: How do you calculate the pipe length required for a specific application?: To calculate the pipe length required for a specific application, you need to consider factors such as the flow rate, pressure drop, pipe material, and the type of fluid being transported. By using equations and formulas specific to fluid dynamics, you can determine the appropriate pipe length needed to achieve the desired flow and pressure conditions. Additionally, factors like pipe fittings, bends, and elbows also need to be taken into account when calculating the overall pipe length required.

Q: What is the difference between Schedule 30 and Schedule 40 stainless steel pipes?: The main difference between Schedule 30 and Schedule 40 stainless steel pipes lies in their wall thickness. Schedule 40 pipes have a thicker wall compared to Schedule 30 pipes. This difference in thickness makes Schedule 40 pipes more suitable for high-pressure applications and heavy-duty usage, while Schedule 30 pipes are typically used for lower-pressure applications.

Q: What are the different types of stainless steel pipe coatings?: There are several types of stainless steel pipe coatings commonly used, including epoxy coatings, polyethylene coatings, fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings, and polyurethane coatings. These coatings provide various benefits such as corrosion resistance, enhanced durability, and improved performance in different environments.

Q: What is the cost of stainless steel pipes?: The cost of stainless steel pipes can vary depending on several factors. These factors include the size and thickness of the pipes, the grade of stainless steel used, the quantity being purchased, and the current market conditions. Generally, stainless steel pipes are more expensive compared to other materials due to their durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. It is recommended to contact suppliers or manufacturers to get specific pricing information based on your requirements.

Q: What is the difference between seamless and electric resistance welded stainless steel pipes?: The main difference between seamless and electric resistance welded stainless steel pipes lies in the manufacturing process. Seamless pipes are made from a solid stainless steel billet, which is heated and then stretched over a series of mandrels to create the desired shape and size. This process ensures a uniform and continuous structure without any welds. On the other hand, electric resistance welded pipes are made by forming flat stainless steel sheets into a cylindrical shape and then welding the edges together using an electric current. This results in a visible seam along the length of the pipe. While both types of pipes have their advantages and uses, seamless pipes are generally considered to have superior strength, corrosion resistance, and a smoother interior surface, making them suitable for applications where durability and cleanliness are crucial.

Q: Can stainless steel pipes be used for pharmaceutical storage tanks?: Pharmaceutical storage tanks can utilize stainless steel pipes. The pharmaceutical industry highly favors stainless steel due to its exceptional resistance to corrosion, long-lasting nature, and ability to uphold cleanliness. Its non-reactive properties are advantageous in preventing contamination of stored pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, stainless steel pipes possess a smooth surface that is easy to clean, making them ideal for maintaining the necessary hygiene standards in pharmaceutical storage. Additionally, stainless steel can endure extreme temperatures and withstand the demanding cleaning procedures commonly employed in pharmaceutical facilities. Consequently, stainless steel pipes are widely employed in constructing pharmaceutical storage tanks to guarantee the safety and preservation of the stored pharmaceutical products.