[1] excavator, also known as mining machinery, mining (excavating machinery) is higher or lower than the machine for the surface of materials with a bucket of earth moving machinery, transport and loading or unloading of vehicles to the yard. Excavator material is mainly coal, soil, sediment and pre loose soil and rock. From the development in recent years of construction machinery, relatively fast development of excavator, excavator has become one of the most important engineering machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of excavator: operating weight (mass), the engine power and bucket capacity.

Chinese excavators

A excavator

In nineteenth Century seventy's invention

By driving method in internal combustion driven excavator, excavator power drive

By way of walking into Crawler excavators, wheeled excavator

According to the mode of transmission machinery excavator hydraulic excavator,

According to the bucket to shovel and backhoe

Catalog

1 related parameters

2 classification

3 the development of history

4 structure

5 operation status

6 overview of development

Feels at home

Feels foreign

7 basic common sense

8 common faults

9 arm repair

10 maintenance

11 investment analysis

1 related parameters

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Operating weight

Operating weight are three important parameters (engine power, excavator bucket capacity, operation of weight)

Operating weight determines the level of excavator, determines the upper limit of excavator.

The digging force is less than or equal to m; the weight of

M: adhesion coefficient between ground and track

If the digging force beyond this limit, in the case of Excavator Backhoe, will slip, and pull forward, this is very dangerous. In the case of excavator shovel, will be backward slip.

The digging force

For digging force, digging force is mainly divided into small arm digging force and bucket digging force.

Action point two of the digging force are bucket root (bucket lips), just different dynamics,the small arm digging force from the arm cylinder; and the bucket digging force from thebucket cylinder.

Bucket digging force

Bucket digging force (2)

Ground pressure

Ground pressure determines the size of the ground conditions are suitable for the work of the excavator.

Ground pressure refers to the weight machines produce on the ground pressure,represented by the following formula:

Ground pressure = working weight divided by all the contact area with the ground

The crawler plate

To track plate machines installed on the right is very important. The crawler excavator,select track standard is: whenever possible, try to use the most narrow track plate.

And common crawler type: gear crawler plate,

Flat track plate

Walking speed

The crawler excavator, walking time probably accounted for the entire 1/10 of their work time.

In general, two speed can satisfy the walking performance of excavator.

Traction

The traction force is generated to the excavator force, walking motor depends mainly onexcavator.

The two walking performance parameters show that the excavator maneuverability andwalking ability. Can be reflected in the various manufacturers in the samples were.

Climbing capacity

Climbing ability refers to climbing, downhill, or stop at a solid, flat slope ability.

Two methods: the angle, percentage

To enhance the capacity of

Lifting capacity refers to the rated lifting capacity or stable rated hydraulic lifting capacity ofthe smaller one.

Rated stable lifting capacity: 75% of the tipping load

Rated hydraulic lifting capacity: 87% hydraulic lifting capacity

Rotary speed

Rotary speed refers to the excavator no-load, the maximum speed can reach the averagesteady turning.

This means that the rotary speed is defined, neither the starting, does not mean turning speed braking; that is to say, the rotary speed is accelerating or decelerating. For the general mining work, the excavator to work within the range of 180 DEG at 0 degrees, the rotary motor is accelerated or decelerated, when transferred to 270 to 360 DEG range,rotary speed reaches the stable.

Therefore, in the actual mining work, rotary speed of the above definition is impractical.That is to say, the actual turning performance is in need of acceleration / decelerationavailable rotary torque representation.

The power of the engine

Total power (gross horsepower) when no power consumption of accessories, such as thesilencer, fan, AC generator and air filter under the condition that the measured output power to the engine flywheel.

Effective power (net horsepower) refers to the holding all the power consumption ofaccessories, such as the silencer, fan, AC generator and air filter under the condition that the measured output power to the engine flywheel.

Noise measurement

Excavator noise mainly comes from engine.

Two kinds of noise: operator ear noise determination, around the machine noise determination

2 classification

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Common excavators have internal combustion engine driven by driving mode and power driving excavator excavator two. The electric excavator is mainly used in high altitude hypoxia and underground mine and other flammable and explosive places.

According to the size of the different, the excavator can be divided into large excavators,medium-sized excavator and mini excavator

According to the different way of walking, the excavator can be divided into the crawler excavator and wheel excavators.

According to the different methods of transmission, the excavator can be divided intohydraulic excavator and mechanical excavator. Machinery, mainly used in some largemines.

In accordance with the purpose to points, can be divided into general excavator excavator,excavator, marine excavator, excavator and so on different categories of special

According to the excavator bucket, and can be divided into the shovel excavator, backhoe excavator, draglines and grab shovel excavator. Shovel used for mining above the surfaceof the material, backhoe excavator used for mining below the surface of the material.